| Son of
Antiochus I, was weak, and alcoholic and
under influence of favorites. At war with
Ptolemic Egypt during much of reign. Parthia
and Baktria asserted independence. |
|
Seleukos II, Kallinikos,
246 to 226 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Seleukos II.
246-226 BC. AR Tetradrachm
Uncertain mint, perhaps Antioch.
Diademed head right / Apollo
standing left, holding arrow in
right hand, resting left elbow on
tripod. |
 |
Diademed head right / Seleukos
on horseback left holding long spear.
Uncertain mint in Northern Syria. |
|
|
Jugate heads of Dioskouroi right
wearing laureate pileus, stars on
either side / anchor upwards, horse
head right. |
| |
|
|
| Elder son
of Antiochus II, conflict with brother,
Antiochus Hierax, who ruled independently in
Asia Minor. Died from fall from horse. |
| Antiochus
Hierax, 246 to 227 BCE |
 |
Tetradrachm, Diademed draped
bust right / Apollo seated left on
omphalos holding arrow and bow.
Cilician mint. |
|
| Younger
son of Antiochus II, in 228 he attacked his
brother, Seleukos II, which failed. He was
murdered by marauding Gauls |
| Seleukos III,
Keraunos, 226 to 223 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Seleukos
III. 226-223 BC. Æ 15mm (2.46 gm).
Antioch mint. Laureate head of
Apollo right / Apollo seated left on
omphalos, holding arrow and bow;
monogram outer left. |
|
| Elder son
of Seleukos II, Tried o check the growing
power of Attalos of Pergamon and invaded his
territory. Invasion was a failure. He was
murdered by own officers |
| Antiochus III, the Great,
223 to 187 BCE |
 |
 |
|
Antiochus III, the Great,
Seleucid, Greek, 223-187 BCE,
Tetradrachm, AR, 16.9g, 1 1/8"
dia., O: Diademed head right; AB
monogram behind R: Apollo seated
left on omphalos, holding arrow
and bow. "King Antiochus",
Legend on reverse: ANTIOCOU
BASILEWS, (ANTIOCOU BASILEWS),
King Antiochus |
|
Younger son of Seleukos II and
brother of Seleukos III, he was
soldier of great ability and
between 212 to 205 campaigned to
and restored Alexander's empire
in Judaea from
Ptolemy V as well as in
Parthia and Baktria. Later he
was defeated by Romans after
they defeated Phillip V of
Macedon in 197. Murdered in
Elymais |
|
| |
 |
| |
|
Hellenistic or
Roman copy of the
omphalos (Navel
Stone) of Delphi. |
|
 |
| Example of diadem, Greece, 2
century BCE, Dallas Museum of
Art |
|
| Molon, 222 to 220 BCE |
Satrap
of Media, he rebelled against Antiochus III.
After initial success he was defeated in
battle and took own life |
| Achaios, 220 to 214 BCE |
Uncle of
Antiochus III was appointed commander in
chief of Asia Minor. Restored Seleucid
authority then rebelled against Antiochus
III and proclaimed himself king. After 2
year siege by nephew, was captured and
beheaded |
| Seleukos IV,
Philopator, 187 to 175 BCE |
 |
Seleucus IV, 187-175 B.C. AR
Tetradrachm, Antioch mint. Diademed
hd. of Seleucus r. Rv. Apollo seated
l. on omphalos hld. bow and arrow;
wreath and palm in field to l. |
|
| Elder son
of Antiochus III the Great, Kingdom was
smaller since Asia Minor, Parthia and
Baktria were independent. Had to pay war-indemnity
to Romans. Governed what was left well.
Murdered by Minister Heliodoros |
| Antiochus, 175 to 170 BCE |
Son of
Seleukos IV (5 years old in 175), Heliodoros
(Seleukos IV Minister and murderer) seized
power in his name. Short joint rule with
Antiochus IV then disappears from history |
| Antiochus IV, Epiphanes,
175 to 164 BCE |
 |
 |
Antiochus IV, 175-164 BCE,
Tetradrachm, AR, 16.9g, 1 1/16"
dia., AR, Ake mint,
Judas Maccabee defeated
Antiochus IV and cleansed
temple. Hanukah observance
commemorates this event.
Maccabean Kingdom followed. |
|
Epiphanes means "God made
manifest" Younger son of
Antiochus III the Great, invaded
Egypt but withdrew because of
pressure from Rome. Despoiled
Temple in Jerusalem, put statue
to Zeus there. Forced Jews to
worship Greek Gods and
prohibited circumcision. Lost
conflict to
Judas Maccabee who purified
Temple an event upon which
Festival of Hanukkah is based. |
|
| Antiochus V,
Eupator, 164 to162 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Antiochos V.
164-162 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.44
gm). Antioch mint. Diademed head
right / Zeus seated left, holding
Nike and sceptre; monogram outer
left. |
|
| Son of
Antiochus IV, (9 years old in 164), was
challenged and murdered by cousin Demetrius
I after he escaped captivity in Rome |
| Demetrius I,
Soter, 162 to150 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Demetrios
I. 162-150 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.68
gm). Antioch mint. Diademed head
right, within wreath / Tyche seated,
holding baton and cornucopiae,
Nereid supporting throne; monogram
outer
|
 |
Head of dog left / forepart of
griffin right. |
|
| Son of
Seleukos IV, held captive in Rome for 13
years, escaped to murder cousin and take
power. Killed by Alexander Balas in battle
who claimed to be another son of Antiochus
IV |
| Timarchos,
Usurper in Babylon, 162 BCE |
 |
Diademed head of Timarchos right
/ Nike walking left, holding wreath
in right hand, palm in left.
Babylon mint. |
|
| Satrap of
Babylon appointed by Antiochus IV, did not
recognize Demetrius I and proclaimed himself
a King. He was quickly defeated by Demetrius
I |
| Alexander I, (Balas), 150 to
145 BCE |
 |
|
| Diademed head of
King right Reverse Zeus
enthroned |
|
 |
 |
Tetradrachm, AR, 11g, 1"
dia.O: Diademed head right R:
Eagle standing on beak of galley,
palm branch behind, club left
field and date right. Minted 150
BCE. |
| This tetradrachm
must have passed through the
hands of one of the supporters
of Demetrius II during their
bitter civil war. The portrait
Alexander has suffered very
specific mutilations: blows to
the forehead, eye, ear and mouth.
A graphic ancient damnatio! (this
coin is a fake!) |
|
 |
|
|
Claimed to be another son of
Antiochus IV, swept to power
with support of Ptolemy of Egypt
and Attalos of Pergamon.
Dissolute lifestyle - was
overthrown by Demetrius II |
|
| Demetrius II, Nikator, 145
to140 BCE |
|
|
Demetrios II, 1st reign,
145-140 BCE, Diademed head of
Demetrios right / anchor, flukes
upward; flower to left.
Youthful portrait. |
 |
First reign, Diademed draped
bust right / eagle standing left
on prow, palm over shoulder,
club left. |
|
1st reign. Elder son of
Demetrius I, he overthrew
Alexander I with help of Ptolemy
of Egypt. Recognized
independence of
Hasmonean state in Judaea in
142. Was captured by the
Parthians in 140 and was held in
honorable captivity for 10 years.
Younger son of Demetrius I and
younger brother of Demetrius II,
disposed of Tryphon. Campaigned
with success in Palestine and
Babylon. Ruled with competence
and integrity. Allowed first
Jewish coins to be minted under
John Hyrcanus I during
second reign.
See
second reign |
|
| Antiochus VI, Dionysos, 145
to142 BCE |
 |
|
| Antioch mint.
Radiate and diademed head of King
right. Reverse Helmet with cheek
pieces and ibex horn. Right field:
KING ANTIOCHUS, BASILEWS ANTIOCOU (BASILEWS
ANTIOCOU) Left field: DIONUSOU
EPIFANOUS, Dionysos Epiphanes. TPY,
which stands for Tryphon, between
horn and helmet. |
|
|
Infant son of Alexander I, was
proclaimed King (and later murdered
by the General Diodotus who aspired
to throne) in opposition to
Demetrius II. Tryphon had the
young boy killed and usurped the
throne in 142; the reverse of his
coins depict the same Macedonian
helmet type as first issued under
Antiochus VI. |
|
| Tryphon, (Diodotus), 142 to
138 BCE |
|
| Antiochus VII, Euergetes,
(Sidetes), 138 to129
BCE |
 |
 |
|
Kingdom of
Syria, Antiochus VII Sidetes,
138-129 BC, AR tetradrachm,
(16.59g) Antioch or mint
associated with Antioch,
Diademed and draped head right,
fillet border. /
BA…ILEW…
ANTIOXOU EYER |ETOU
Athena standing left, holding
Nike and spear, shield at feet,
Q L
in fields,
DI and
L
monogram to left, all in
wreath. |
|
 |
 |
|
Antiochus VII, O:
Lily surrounded by
dots R: Anchor
upside down
surrounded by Greek
legends. BASILEWS
ANTIOCOU (right)
EUERGETOU (left)
(BASILEWS ANTIOCOU
EUERGETOU) King
Antiochus
Benefactor. Seleucid
coin minted in
Jerusalem under
Hasmonean leader
John Hyrcanus. First
coin ever minted
under Jewish
authority. Hendin
541. |
|
|
| Demetrius II,
Nikator, 129to125 BCE, second reign
|
 |
Syria, Seleukid Kings. Demetrios
II. Second Reign. 129-125 BC. AR
Tetradrachm (16.53 gm). Year 185
(128-127 BC). Damascus mint.
Diademed and bearded head of
Demetrios right / [B]ASILEW[S]
DHMHTRIO[U] right, QEOU NIKATORO[S]
left, Zeus seated left on throne,
holding Nike and sceptre; XD below
throne, EPR in exergue. Good VF,
slightly weak strike. Estimate
$750. |
 |
Antioch mint. Diademed and
bearded head of Demetrios right /
[B]ASILEW[S] DHMHTRIO[U] right, QEOU
NIKATORO[S] left, Zeus seated left
on throne, holding Nike and
sceptre; |
|
| Second
reign, Released from captivity by the
Parthians in 129 BCE. His arrival at
Antioch coincided with the death of
Antiochos in battle and resumed his former
place as King of Syria. Allowed first Jewish
coins to be minted under
John Hyrcanus I. Following an abortive
attack on Ptolemaic Egypt he lost the
northern part of his Kingdom to the usurper
Alexander Zebina, and in 125 BCE was
murdered in Tyre.
See 1st reign |
| |
|
| |
| |
| Alexander II,
(Zebina), 128 to 123 BCE |
 |
Tetradrachm, Diademed head right
/ Zeus left holding Nike in right
hand, lotus tipped scepter right
hand. |
|
| Claimed
to be adopted son of Alexander I, rebelled
against Demetrius II with backing of Ptolemy
VII of Egypt. Defeated by Cleopatra and son
Antiochus VIII. |
| Seleukos V*, 125 BCE |
Elder son
of Demetrius II (and Cleopatra), mother
wanted power, he was murdered and she
assumed power. |
| Cleopatra, 125 BCE |
Daughter
of Ptolemy VI of Egypt. Married Alexander I,
Demetrius II and Antiochus VII - bearing
eight children. After murder of son,
Seleukos V, ruled alone until public
demanded that she rule with her son
Antiochus VIII |
| Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII,
125 to 121 BCE |
 |
Cleopatra Thea & Antiochos
VIII, Antioch mint. conjoined
busts right of Cleopatra veiled,
wearing diadem, and Antiochos
diademed / Zeus seated left on
throne, holding Nike and lotus
tipped sceptre. |
|
Joint reign of mother and son.
Cleopatra was obliged to drink a
cup of poison which she had
prepared for her son. |
|
| Antiochus VIII, Grypos, 121
to 96 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Antiochos
VIII. First Reign. 121-113 BC. AR
Tetradrachm (16.54 gm). Antioch
mint. Diademed head right / Zeus
Oranios standing left, holding star
and sceptre |
 |
| Third reign, 108-96 BCE.
Diademed head right / Zeus on throne
left holding Nike. |
| Younger son of
Demetrius II (and Cleopatra).
Disposed of mother. Inept. At war
with half brother Antiochus IX
during much of reign. Disastrous
decline of Kingdom to minor east
Mediterranean state. |
|
| Antiochus IX,
Kyzikenos, 113 to 95 BCE |
 |
Antiochus IX, tetradrachm.
Diademed head right / Athena
standing half left holding Nike
in her right hand, shield and
spear in her left. |
|
| Son of
Antiochus VII and Cleopatra. At war with
half brother Antiochus VIII who was murdered
in 96BCE. Captured Antioch in 113 BCE. Was
murdered by nephew, Seleukos VI. |
| Seleukos VI,
Epiphanes, 95 to 94 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Seleukos VI.
95-94 BC. AR Tetradrachm Antioch
mint. Diademed head right / Zeus
seated left, holding Nike and
sceptre; letters and monogram outer
left, A under throne. |
|
| Eldest
son of Antiochus VIII. Attacked and defeated
uncle Antiochus IX in 95 BCE. Was driven
from Antioch in by cousin Antiochus X in 94
BCE. |
| Antiochus X,
Eusebes, 94 to 83 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Antiochos
X. 94-92 BC. AR Tetradrachm (14.55
gm). Antioch mint. Diademed head
right / Zeus seated left, holding
Nike and sceptre; monogram and A to
left, monogram under throne. |
|
| Son of
Antiochus IX. Avenged father by defeating
Seleukos VI in 94 BCE. Almost constant
warfare with Seleukos' brothers. |
| Antiochus XI, Epiphanes, 93
BCE |
Son of
Antiochus VIII. Joined with brothers Phillip
and Demetrius III to drive cousin Antiochus
X, out of Syria and avenge their older
brother. Lost his life in battle. |
|
Demetrius III,
Philopator, 95 to 88 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Demetrios
III. 95-88 BC. AR Tetradrachm
(14.88
gm). Damascus mint. Year 222 (91/90
BC). Diademed head right / Cult
statue of Atargatis facing; N and A
in left field, BKS and monogram in
exergue. |
|
|
Another son of
Antiochus VIII. After joining forces with
brother Phillip they quarreled and Demetrius
was defeated leaving Phillip master of
Antioch. Invaded Judaea in 89 during
Alexander Jannaeus reign. |
| Phillip I,
Philadelphos, 93 to 83 BCE |
 |
SYRIA, Seleukid Kings. Philip
Philadelphos. 89-83 BC. AR
Tetradrachm (15.78 gm). Uncertain
mint in Northern Syria or Cilicia.
Diademed head
of Philip right / Zeus seated left,
holding Nike and sceptre; NK
monogram/A left, AP monogram at
knee, monogram under throne.
|
|
| Another
son of Antiochus VIII. Most of his reign was
spent fighting relatives. Ruler of Antioch.
Was eventually driven out of Syria by
Tigranes, king of Armenia. |
| Antiochus XII,
Dionysos, 88 to 84 BCE |
 |
Tetradrachm, 86-85 BCE, Diademed
head right / Cult statue of Haddad
standing facing on double basis,
flanked by two bull foreparts,
holding grain stalk in right hand. |
|
| Youngest
of five sons of Antiochus VIII. Succeeded
brother Demetrius III. Fought with brother
Phillip. Killed in battle by Nabataean
Arabs. |
| Tigranes II of
Armenia, 83 to 69 BCE |
 |
Tetradrachm, Draped bust
right wearing tiara with star
and eagles; beaded pyramidal
points on tiara / Tyche of
Antioch seated on rock, holding
branch, river-God Orontes below
M and A below on rocks. Antioch
mint. |
 |
 |
|
|
| King of
Armenia. Called upon by the Syrians to
restore order and end fratricidal wars.
Defeated Phillip. Driven out of Syria by
Roman general Lucullus. |
| Antiochus XIII, Asiatikos,
69 to 64 BCE |
Son of
Antiochus X. Spent youth in Asia and Rome.
Placed on Slacked throne by Romans. Murdered
by Arab chieftain. Last of Seleucid rulers. |
| Roman rule, after 64 BCE |
Roman
General Pompey the Great made Syria a Roman
province. Coins produced by Romans for
thirty years in the name of Phillip,
Philadelphos. |
Antioco
I de Siria, 280-261 BC 
Antioco
IV de Siria, 175-164 BC 
Seleuco
VI, 95-94 BC 
